添加 linux基础/ubuntu多网卡绑定.md
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linux基础/ubuntu多网卡绑定.md
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linux基础/ubuntu多网卡绑定.md
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Ubuntu从17.04开始，已经放弃在/etc/network/interfaces 里固定IP的配置，而是改成netplan方式，配置文件是：/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml
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## 0. ENV
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Ubuntu Server 22.04
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## 1. 修改配置文件
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```shell
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# 修改前备份
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cp /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml.orig
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# 修改配置文件，Ubuntu严格区分格式，空格缩进。
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# 简要说明：
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# eno1-eno4，关闭dhcp；
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# bond0只绑定eno1、eno2，实际可根据情况，绑定更多网卡；
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# addresses一行为IP及掩码；
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# nameservers下的addresses一行为DNS，多个用逗号分隔；
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# mode一行表示绑定模式，共7种，详见下文；
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# gateway4参数已经丢弃，换为route一段指定路由。
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cat > /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml << EOF
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# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
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network:
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version: 2
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ethernets:
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eno1:
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dhcp4: no
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dhcp6: no
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eno2:
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dhcp4: no
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dhcp6: no
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eno3:
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dhcp4: no
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dhcp6: no
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eno4:
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dhcp4: no
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dhcp6: no
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bonds:
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bond0:
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interfaces:
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- eno1
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- eno2
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addresses: [192.168.80.155/24]
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# gateway4: 192.168.80.1
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routes:
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- to: default
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via: 192.168.80.1
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nameservers:
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addresses: [192.16.10.22,192.16.10.23]
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parameters:
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mode: active-backup
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mii-monitor-interval: 100
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# 以下均为注释，可绑定其余网卡
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# bond1:
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# interfaces:
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# - eno3
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# - eno4
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# addresses: [172.0.0.70/8]
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# gateway4: 172.0.0.1
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# nameservers:
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# addresses: [223.5.5.5]
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# parameters:
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# mode: active-backup
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# mii-monitor-interval: 100
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# routes:
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# - to: 10.0.0.0/8
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# via: 10.0.0.254
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# - to: 172.0.0.0/8
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# via: 172.0.0.1
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EOF
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```
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```txt
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绑定模式，共7种：
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第⼀种模式：mod=0，即：(balance-rr) Round-robin policy（平衡抡循环策略）
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特点：传输数据包顺序是依次传输（即：第1个包⾛eth0，下⼀个包就⾛eth1….⼀直循环下去，直到最后⼀个传输完毕），此模式提供负载平衡和容错能⼒。
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第⼆种模式：mod=1，即：(active-backup) Active-backup policy（主-备份策略）
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特点：只有⼀个设备处于活动状态，当⼀个宕掉另⼀个⻢上由备份转换为主设备。mac地址是外部可⻅得，从外⾯看来，bond的MAC地址是唯⼀的，以避免switch(交换机)发⽣混乱。此模式只提供了容错能⼒；由此可⻅此算法的优点是可以提供⾼⽹络连接的可⽤性，但是它的资源利⽤率较低，只有⼀个接⼝处于⼯作状态，在有 N 个⽹络接⼝的情况下，资源利⽤率为1/N。
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第三种模式：mod=2，即：(balance-xor) XOR policy（平衡策略）
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特点：基于指定的传输HASH策略传输数据包。缺省的策略是：(源MAC地址 XOR ⽬标MAC地址) % slave数量。其他的传输策略可以通过xmit_hash_policy选项指定，此模式提供负载平衡和容错能⼒。
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第四种模式：mod=3，即：broadcast（⼴播策略）
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特点：在每个slave接⼝上传输每个数据包，此模式提供了容错能⼒。
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第五种模式：mod=4，即：(802.3ad) IEEE 802.3adDynamic link aggregation（IEEE 802.3ad 动态链接
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聚合）
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特点：创建⼀个聚合组，它们共享同样的速率和双⼯设定。根据802.3ad规范将多个slave⼯作在同⼀个激活的聚合体下。
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必要条件：
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条件1：ethtool⽀持获取每个slave的速率和双⼯设定。
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条件2：switch(交换机)⽀持IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation。
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条件3：⼤多数switch(交换机)需要经过特定配置才能⽀持802.3ad模式。
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第六种模式：mod=5，即：(balance-tlb) Adaptive transmit load balancing（适配器传输负载均衡）
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特点：不需要任何特别的switch(交换机)⽀持的通道bonding。在每个slave上根据当前的负载（根据速度计算）分配外出流量。如果正在接受数据的slave出故障了，另⼀个slave接管失败的slave的MAC地址。该模式的必要条件：ethtool⽀持获取每个slave的速率
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第七种模式：mod=6，即：(balance-alb) Adaptive load balancing（适配器适应性负载均衡）
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特点：该模式包含了balance-tlb模式，同时加上针对IPV4流量的接收负载均衡(receive load balance,rlb)，⽽且不需要任何switch(交换机)的⽀持。 -->
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```
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## 2. 启用新网络配置
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```shell
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netplan apply
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```
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## 3. 查看IP
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```shell
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ip a
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```
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显示类似
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```txt
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 ::1/128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 3e:9c:7a:52:8e:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff permaddr 8c:2a:8e:02:cd:28
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altname enp26s0f0
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3: eno2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 3e:9c:7a:52:8e:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff permaddr 8c:2a:8e:02:cd:29
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altname enp26s0f1
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4: eno3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 8c:2a:8e:02:cd:2a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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altname enp26s0f2
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inet6 fe80::8e2a:8eff:fe02:cd2a/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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5: eno4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 8c:2a:8e:02:cd:2b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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altname enp26s0f3
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inet6 fe80::8e2a:8eff:fe02:cd2b/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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6: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether 3e:9c:7a:52:8e:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 192.168.80.155/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global bond0
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::3c9c:7aff:fe52:8e0b/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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```
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由于采用网卡绑定，Ubuntu绑定网卡bond0的MAC地址和原来的物理网卡eno1、eno2的MAC相同；
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同时华为交换机端链路聚合模式(Working Mode)需要设置为lacp-dynamic，而非静态或Normal(default)，否则可能会出现网络时通时断。配置为Normal时，CentOS配置为active-backup运行正常。
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## 4. 查看路由
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```shell
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route -n
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```
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显示类似
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```txt
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Kernel IP routing table
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Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
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0.0.0.0 192.168.80.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 bond0
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192.168.80.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 bond0
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```
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## 5. 参考
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```txt
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官方示例参考：
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https://netplan.io/examples
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其它参考：
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https://www.jianshu.com/p/fe3cfadd61f6
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https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39657662/article/details/114484215
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```
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