# 归档
## 关闭归档
```sql
archive log list; #查看是否是归档方式
alter system set log_archive_start=false scope=spfile; #禁用自动归档
shutdown immediate;
startup mount; #打开控制文件，不打开数据文件
alter database noarchivelog; #将数据库切换为非归档模式
alter database open; #将数据文件打开
archive log list; #查看此时便处于非归档模式
```
## 开启归档
```sql
# 关闭oracle
shutdown immediate;
# 启动为mount状态
startup mount
# 更改为归档模式
alter database archivelog
# 更改数据库为‘打开’状态
alter database open
```
## 查看归档日志使用情况
```sql
sqlplus / as sysdba
select * from v$recovery_file_dest;
select * from V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE;
```
## 按小时统计归档量
```sql
SELECT SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH:MI:SS'),1,5) Day,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'00',1,0)) H00,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'01',1,0)) H01,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'02',1,0)) H02,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'03',1,0)) H03,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'04',1,0)) H04,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'05',1,0)) H05,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'06',1,0)) H06,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'07',1,0)) H07,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'08',1,0)) H08,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'09',1,0)) H09,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'10',1,0)) H10,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'11',1,0)) H11,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'12',1,0)) H12,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'13',1,0)) H13,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'14',1,0)) H14,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'15',1,0)) H15,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'16',1,0)) H16,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'17',1,0)) H17,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'18',1,0)) H18,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'19',1,0)) H19,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'20',1,0)) H20,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'21',1,0)) H21,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'22',1,0)) H22,
    SUM(DECODE(SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'),10,2),'23',1,0)) H23,
    COUNT(*) TOTAL
FROM v$log_history a
WHERE first_time>=to_char(sysdate-11)
GROUP BY SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH:MI:SS'),1,5)
ORDER BY SUBSTR(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD/RR HH:MI:SS'),1,5) DESC;
```
## 查询日志目录位置
```sql
show parameter recover;
```
## 计算fast_recovery_area已经占用的空间
```sql
select sum(percent_space_used)*3/100 from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;
```
## 修改fast_recovery_aread的空间
```sql
ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=8g;
```
## rman登录
```sql
rman target /
```
## 删除过期归档日志
```sql
# 检查日志
crosscheck archivelog all;
# 删除提示
delete expired archivelog all;
# 无删除提示
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
```
## 删除所有的Archivelog files
```sql
delete archivelog all;　
```
## 删除昨天以前的归档日志
```sql
# 无删除提示
delete noprompt archivelog until time  'sysdate-1';
# 强制删除昨天之前的日志
delete force archivelog until time 'sysdate-1';
# 无提示强制删除昨天之前的日志
delete noprompt  force archivelog until time 'sysdate -1';
```
# 备份
## 列出备份信息
```sql
list backup;
list backup summary;
list backup of database;
list backup of tablespace table_name;
list backup of controlfile;
list backup of spfile;
list backupset id;
```
## 校验备份
```sql
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck backup of database;
crosscheck backup of tablespace system;
crosscheck backup of controlfile;
crosscheck backup of spfile;
crosscheck backup of archivelog all;
```
##  删除陈旧备份
```sql
delete obsolete;
delete noprompt obsolete;
```
## 删除所有expired的备份（包括归档日志、控制文件、备份聚）
```sql
delete expired backup;
```
## 删除所有备份
```sql
delete backup;
```
## 删除指定tag备份
```sql
delete backup tag xxx;
```
## 改为长期备份
```sql
change backupset id unavailable;
change backupset id keep forever logs;
change backupset id keep until time 'sysdate+30' logs;
change backupset id nokeep;
```
## 改为基于时间的备份
```sql
configure retention policy to recovery window of 30 days;
```

# 其他
## 显示rman配置
```sql
show all;
```
## 报告目标数据库的物理结构
```sql
report schema;
```
## 报告陈旧备份
```sql
report obsolete;
```
## 报告不可恢复的数据文件
```sql
report unrecoverable;
```
## 改为基于冗余数量的备份
```sql
configure retention policy to redundancy  n ;
```
## 取消备份保留策略
```sql
configure retention policy to none;
```