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<h1 class="title" id="leanote-title">centos7中kvm安装配置</h1>
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<div class="content-html" id="leanote-content"><h2>一、安装KVM</h2><p>1. 验证CPU是否支持KVM；如果结果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字样，就说明CPU的支持的。</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>egrep '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867865" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000009.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000009.png"></p><p>2. 关闭SELinux，将 <span class="cnblogs_code">/etc/sysconfig/selinux</span> 中的 <span class="cnblogs_code">SELinux=enforcing</span> 修改为 <span class="cnblogs_code">SELinux=disabled</span> </p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867866" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001b.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001b.png"></p><p>3. 最小安装的CentOS安装一些最基本的包（可选项，因为我是刚安装好的CentOS，所以为了下面方便点，先把一些必要的工具安装下）</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>yum install epel-release net-tools vim unzip zip wget ftp -y</pre></div><p>4. 安装KVM及其依赖项</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>yum install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install bridge-utils libguestfs-tools -y</pre></div><p>5. 验证安装结果，下图说明已经成功安装了</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>lsmod | grep kvm</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867867" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a46a60d52b6e000002.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a46a60d52b6e000002.png"></p><p>6. 开启kvm服务，并且设置其开机自动启动</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>systemctl start libvirtd
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systemctl enable libvirtd</pre></div><p>7. 查看状态操作结果,如下图所示，说明运行情况良好</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>systemctl status libvirtd
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systemctl is-enabled libvirtd</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867868" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000017.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000017.png"></p><p>8. 配置网桥模式，先将 <span class="cnblogs_code">/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/</span> 目录下的网卡配置文件备份一份(<strong>不要备在当前目录以及子目录下，其他目录随意</strong>)</p><p>a. 创建 <span class="cnblogs_code">ifcfg-br0</span> 文件，内容如下：</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>BOOTPROTO=static
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DEVICE=br0
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TYPE=Bridge
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NM_CONTROLLED=no
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IPADDR=192.168.1.95
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NETMASK=255.255.255.0
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GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
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DNS1=61.177.7.1
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DNS2=8.8.8.8</pre></div><p>b. 移除掉原来的 <span class="cnblogs_code">ifcfg-enp0s25</span> ,重新创建该文件，内容如下：</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>BOOTPROTO=none
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DEVICE=enp0s25
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NM_CONTROLLED=no
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ONBOOT=yes
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BRIDGE=br0</pre></div><p>c. 重启网络服务</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>systemctl restart network</pre></div><p>使用 <span class="cnblogs_code">ifconfig</span> 验证操作结果,多了一块网卡br0，现在访问 <span class="cnblogs_code">think8848-srv02</span> 使用 <span class="cnblogs_code">192.168.1.95</span> 就可以了。</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867869" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a66a60d52b6e000010.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a66a60d52b6e000010.png"></p><p>二、安装虚拟机 </p><p>1. 准备操作系统安装镜像文件，在本文中将使用和宿主环境一样的CentOS7.2，把该文件放到 <span class="cnblogs_code">/home/iso</span> 目录下</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867870" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a46a60d52b6e000001.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a46a60d52b6e000001.png"></p><p>2. 创建虚拟机文件存放的目录</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>mkdir -p /home/kvm-bak</pre></div><p>3. 使用 <span class="cnblogs_code">virt-install</span> 创建虚拟机</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virt-install -n think8848-kvmbase -r 2048 --disk /home/kvm-bak/think8848-kvmbase.img,format=qcow2,size=20 --network bridge=br0 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7.2 --cdrom /home/iso/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso --vnc --vncport=5910 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0</pre></div><p> 操作结果显示：</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867871" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000008.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000008.png"></p><p>不要理会里面提示的错误，接着往下走</p><p>4. 打开防火墙上的5910端口</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5910/tcp --permanent
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firewall-cmd --reload</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867872" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001e.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001e.png"></p><p>5. 使用VNC连接该虚拟机，进行虚拟机操作系统的安装，直接到VNC<a href="https://www.realvnc.com/download/vnc/" target="_blank" data-mce-href="https://www.realvnc.com/download/vnc/">官网上下载</a>最新版的VNC Viewer即可</p><p>a. VNC Viewer</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867873" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001d.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001d.png"></p><p>b. 新建连接，提供宿主IP、端口号(在virt-install创建过程中指定的)，以及名称</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867874" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000f.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000f.png"></p><p>c. 在Expert页签中，将ColorLevel的值由原来的 <span class="cnblogs_code">pal8</span> 修改为 <span class="cnblogs_code">rgb222</span> ，点击OK按钮保存</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867875" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000015.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000015.png"></p><p>d. 如果你像我一样，边操作边还在做笔记，等你双击连接的名称后，安装界面都准备好了</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867876" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a66a60d52b6e000011.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a66a60d52b6e000011.png"></p><p>接下来就安装CentOS吧，过程略。</p><p>6. 安装完CentOS，系统要求重启，这时候虚拟机没有重启(也不知是因为什么问题)，VNC也连不上，先在宿主机上查看虚拟机状态，显示think8848-kvmbase为关闭状态</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virsh list --all</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867877" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a46a60d52b6e000000.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a46a60d52b6e000000.png"></p><p>7. 手动启动虚拟机</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virsh start think8848-kvmbase</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867878" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000013.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000013.png"></p><p>再次使用VNC连接，发现已经可以连进去了</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867879" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e000018.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e000018.png"></p><h2>三、简单配置KVM虚拟机</h2><p>1. 网桥配置，这里值得一提的是，如果你在虚拟机中安装CentOS过程中，配置了合适的网格参数，那么这时虚拟机里应该就可以使用网络了。如果当时就采用系统安装包的默认参数，未启用网卡，那么此时你需要启动虚拟机的网卡，先看下虚拟机网卡的配置文件列表，貌似和普通电脑安装没啥区别，网卡的配置文件是 <span class="cnblogs_code">ifcfg-eth0</span> </p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867880" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a66a60d52b6e000012.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a66a60d52b6e000012.png"></p><p>再查看 <span class="cnblogs_code">ifcfg-eth0</span>配置文件，和普通电脑安装的也没啥区别，按照要求呢，貌似在一些文章中介绍，说需要添加一行配置 <span class="cnblogs_code">NM_CONTROLLED=no</span> ，我没添加也没发现有什么问题。</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867881" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000006.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000006.png"></p><p>2. 配置在宿主端登录虚拟机shell。当然在宿主端也是可以通过SSH登录，但是直接登录貌似也是一个不错的方式。这个配置主要有两个步骤：</p><p>a. 编辑 <span class="cnblogs_code">/etc/default/grub</span> 文件，对照如下：</p><p>编辑前：</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867882" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001c.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001c.png"></p><p>编辑后：</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867883" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001f.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001f.png"></p><p>文本内容：</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
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GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
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GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
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GRUB_TERMINAL="console serial"
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GRUB_SERIAL_COMMAND="serial --speed=115200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1"
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb"
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="console=tty1 console=ttyS0,115200"
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GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"</pre></div><p>b. 运行下面一行的代码</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867884" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000003.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000003.png"></p><p>c. 重启虚拟机 <span class="cnblogs_code">reboot</span> </p><p>d. 在宿主机上进入虚拟机控制台，想退出时使用 <span class="cnblogs_code">Ctrl</span> 键+ <span class="cnblogs_code">] </span> （左方括号）键退出。</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virsh console think8848-kvmbase</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867885" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e000019.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e000019.png"></p><h2>四、迁移虚拟机 </h2><p>虚拟机建好后，最大的好处就是任由我们折腾，而不用担心重装系统的麻烦。所以一定要知道虚拟机怎么复制迁移，这里有两种情况，一种是本机上镜像复制，另一种是将本机镜像迁移到其他服务器上，本节参考自<a href="http://koumm.blog.51cto.com/703525/1291793" target="_blank" data-mce-href="http://koumm.blog.51cto.com/703525/1291793">这里</a>，感谢koumm。</p><p>1. 本机复制</p><p>a. 先关闭虚拟机</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virsh shutdown think8848-kvmbase</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867886" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000d.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000d.png"></p><p>b. 在 <span class="cnblogs_code">/home</span> 下新建文件夹 <span class="cnblogs_code">/home/kvm-img</span> </p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>mkdir -p /home/kvm-img</pre></div><p>c. 使用 <span class="cnblogs_code">virt-clone</span> 克隆think8848-kvmbase为新的虚拟机</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virt-clone -o think8848-kvmbase -n think8848-kvm01 -f /home/kvm-img/think8848-kvm01.img</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867887" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000014.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000014.png"></p><p>克隆完成</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867888" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000004.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000004.png"></p><p>使用 <span class="cnblogs_code">virsh list --all</span> 查看</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867889" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000e.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000e.png"></p><p>d. 开启think8848-kvm01，然后修改IP地址、主机名</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virsh start think8848-kvm01
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virsh console think8848-kvm01
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#等虚拟机启动好后，用root登录
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hostname think8848-kvm01
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#编辑/etc/hostname文件，修改主机名为think8848-kvm01
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vi /etc/hostname
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#编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0，修改IPADDR</pre></div><p>e. <span class="cnblogs_code">reboot</span> 重启虚拟机，重启后刚才修改的内容已经生效了。</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867890" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000b.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000b.png"></p><p>2. 将虚拟机镜像迁移到其他服务器上</p><p> a. 先将虚拟机的配置文件和镜像文件放到合适的位置(我搭了一台FTP服务器，方便测试时所有的文件传输，如下图所示)</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867891" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000a.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000a.png"></p><p>b. 现在到服务器转战到think8848-srv01(IP:192.168.1.96)，刚才虚拟机是在think8848-srv02（IP:192.168.1.95）上创建的。<strong>以下所有操作均是在think8848-srv01上进行的</strong></p><p>c. 将ftp上的think8848-kvm01.img放到/home/kvm-img目录，将think8848-kvm01.xml放到/etc/libvirt/qemu目录中</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867892" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001a.png" alt="" width="705" vspace="5" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e00001a.png"></p><p>d. 编辑think8848-kvm02.xml，将里面所有think8848-kvm01替换为think8848-kvm02，然后把UUID换为新的(直接使用<a href="https://www.guidgen.com/" target="_blank" data-mce-href="https://www.guidgen.com/">这个</a>在线工具生成吧)</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867893" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e000020.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a86a60d52b6e000020.png"></p><p>e. 定义新虚拟机</p><div class="cnblogs_code"><pre>virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/think8848-kvm02.xml</pre></div><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867894" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a96a60d52b6e000021.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a96a60d52b6e000021.png"></p><p>图中think8848-kvm01是我之前在宿主机中配置的虚拟机，恰好名称与之前的重复了。我在think8848-kvm01上没有安装ftp客户端，在新迁移的虚拟机里面安装了ftp，可以利用这个包验证虚拟机是否正确</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867895" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000005.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000005.png"></p><p>OK,说明没有问题</p><p>f. 现在是时候再给新的虚拟机指定新主机名和IP了。刚才是我们重启生效的，这次我们不要重启了，先使用 <span class="cnblogs_code">systemctl restart network</span> 使新IP生效，然后再 <span class="cnblogs_code">exit</span> 注销用户使主机名生效，就可以了。</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867896" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000016.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a76a60d52b6e000016.png"></p><p>最后一个问题，如果在克隆或迁移后想使用VNC连接，那就需要重新指定VNC的端口号，将 <span class="cnblogs_code">/etc/libvirt/qemu/think8848-kvm02.xml</span> 中的VNC端口号修改你需要的值即可。</p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867897" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000007.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e000007.png"> </p><p><img id="__LEANOTE_D_IMG_1527752867898" src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000c.png" alt="" data-mce-src="centos7中kvm安装配置_files/5b0fa8a56a60d52b6e00000c.png"></p></div>
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