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<h1 class="title" id="leanote-title">python路径常用函数</h1>
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<div class="content-html" id="leanote-content"><div># -- coding:utf-8 --</div><div># python路径常用函数 os.path #</div><div><br></div><div>import os</div><div><br></div><div>#返回目录或者文件名 = os.path.split(path)[1]</div><div>os.path.basename(path)</div><div><br></div><div>#返回文件目录或者路径的父目录 = os.path.split(path)[0]</div><div>os.path.dirname(path)</div><div><br></div><div>#判断文件、目录是否存在</div><div>os.path.exists(path)</div><div><br></div><div>#拼接路径， 以系统分隔符 (os.sep)</div><div>os.path.join(path1,path2)</div><div><br></div><div>#规范化路径，将反斜杠转为斜杠，字母转为小写</div><div>os.path.normcase('c:\Test') #'c:/test' </div><div><br></div><div>#将路径分为一个元组，以最后一个斜杠为分界线，如果最后一个字符为斜杠，那么返回的第2个元素为空</div><div>os.path.split('c:/1/') #('c:/1', '')</div><div>os.path.split('c:/1') #('c:/', '1')</div><div>os.path.split('c:/1/1.txt') #('c:/1', '1.txt')</div><div><br></div><div>#将路径转换为一个元祖，如果为目录则第二个元素为空，如果文件则第二个元素为文件扩展名</div><div>os.path.splitext('c:/1') #('c:/1, '')</div><div>os.path.splitext('c:/1/1.txt') #('c:/1', '.txt')</div><div><br></div><div>#os.path.walk(path, visit, arg) </div><div>#遍历目录及子目录</div><div>#path:待遍历根目录 visit(arg, dirname, names) 遍历目录的函数 dirname目录名，names目录下文件名(也包含目录)字列表</div><div>def showfiles(arg, dirname, names):</div><div>print "目录：%s" % dirname</div><div>#os.path.join拼接路径</div><div>#os.path.isfile判断是否为文件 os.path.isdir判断是否为目录</div><div>names=[n for n in names if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dirname,n))]</div><div>print "目录中文件：%s" % ','.join(names)</div><div>os.path.walk('E:/python/walk', showfiles, '')</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>一 常用函数</div><div>os模块</div><div>os.sep 表示默认的文件路径分隔符，windows为\, <a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/linux" data-mce-href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/linux">Linux</a>为/</div><div>os.walk(spath): 用来遍历目录下的文件和子目录</div><div>os.listdir(dirname)：列出dirname下的目录和文件</div><div>os.mkdir() ： 创建目录</div><div>os.makedirs(): 创建目录，包含中间级目录</div><div>os.remove（）：删除文件，不能是目录</div><div>os.rmdir（）：删除空目录</div><div>os.removedirs(path)：删除目录及其子目录</div><div>os.rename(src, dst) ：修改文件名</div><div>os.renames(old, new) ：修改文件或目录名，包含中间级</div><div>os.chdir("/tmp") ： 更改当前目录</div><div>os.chmod( "c:\\test\\buildid.txt", stat.S_IWRITE ) ： 去除文件的只读属性</div><div><br></div><div>os.path模块</div><div>os.path.pathsep 表示默认的路径间的分隔符，windows为; Linux为：</div><div>os.path.isdir(name):判断name是不是一个目录，name不是目录就返回false</div><div>os.path.isfile(name):判断name是不是一个文件，不存在name也返回false</div><div>os.path.exists(name):判断是否存在文件或目录name</div><div>os.path.getsize(name):获得文件大小，如果name是目录返回0L</div><div>os.path.getctime(name):获得文件的创建时间</div><div>os.path.getmtime(name):获得文件的修改时间</div><div>os.path.getatime(name):获得文件的最后访问时间</div><div> </div><div>os.path.isabs(name):<a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/softwaretest" data-mce-href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/softwaretest">测试</a>是否是绝对路径</div><div>os.path.abspath(name):获得绝对路径</div><div>os.path.normpath(path):规范path字符串形式</div><div>os.path.relpath(path, start='.')：返回路径的相对版本</div><div><br></div><div>os.path.split(name):分割文件名与目录（事实上，如果你完全使用目录，它也会将最后一个目录作为文件名而分离，同时它不会判断文件或目录是否存在）</div><div>os.path.splitext():分离文件名与扩展名</div><div>os.path.splitdrive():分离驱动名或unc名字</div><div>os.path.join(path,name):连接目录与文件名或目录</div><div><br></div><div>os.path.basename(path):返回文件名</div><div>os.path.dirname(path):返回文件路径</div><div>os.path.expanduser("~")：用来获得user的home路径。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>shutil模块</div><div>shutil.copyfile(src, dst): 拷贝文件</div><div>shutil.copytree(srcDir, dstDir) : 拷贝目录</div><div> </div><div>shutil.rmtree('dir') : 删除非空文件夹</div><div>shutil.move('old','new') ：修改文件和目录名称</div><div> </div><div>glob模块</div><div>匹配文件：glob.glob(r”c:\linuxany\*.py”)</div></div>
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